101:041;00@@@@@| 101:041;01[' ]| 101:041;02[' ]| <1553(?) ~~ 1616> 101:041;03[' ]| 101:041;04[' ]| ON$4$ Whit*Sunday, being the sixth-and-twentieth day of 101:041;05[' ]| May, in$4$ the year of our Lord*God 1577, Captain*Frobisher 101:041;06[' ]| departed from Blackwall ~~ with one of the 101:041;07[' ]| Queen's*Majesty's ships called the \Aid\, of nine score 101:041;08[' ]| ton or thereabout, and two other little barques likewise, 101:041;09[' ]| the one called the \Gabriel\, whereof Master*Fenton, 101:042;01[' ]| a gentleman of my Lord*of*Warwick's, was 101:042;02[' ]| captain; and the other the \Michael\, whereof Master*York, 101:042;03[' ]| a gentleman of my lord*admiral's, was captain, 101:042;04[' ]| accompanied with seven score gentlemen, soldiers, and 101:042;05[' ]| sailors, well furnished with victuals and other provisions 101:042;06[' ]| necessary for$4$ one half year ~~ on$4$ this, his second 101:042;07[' ]| year, for$4$ the further discovering of the passage to$4$ 101:042;08[' ]| Cathay and other countries thereunto adjacent, by$4$ 101:042;09[' ]| west and north-west navigations, which$6#1$ passage or 101:042;10[' ]| way is supposed to$9$ be on$4$ the north and north-west 101:042;11[' ]| parts of America, and the said America to$9$ be an 101:042;12[' ]| island environed with the sea, where through our 101:042;13[' ]| merchants might have course and recourse with their 101:042;14[' ]| merchandise from these our northernmost parts of 101:042;15[' ]| Europe, to$4$ those Oriental coasts of Asia in$4$ much 101:042;16[' ]| shorter time and with greater benefit than any others, 101:042;17[' ]| to$4$ their no$2$ little commodity and profit that$6#1$ do or shall 101:042;18[' ]| traffic the same. Our said captain and general of this 101:042;19[' ]| present voyage and company, having the year before, 101:042;20[' ]| with two little pinnaces to$4$ his great danger, and no$2$ 101:042;21[' ]| small commendations, given a worthy attempt towards 101:042;22[' ]| the performance thereof, is also pressed ~~ when occasion 101:042;23[' ]| shall be ministered to$4$ the benefit of his prince and 101:042;24[' ]| native country ~~ to$9$ adventure himself further therein. 101:042;25[' ]| As for$4$ this second voyage, it seemeth sufficient that$3$ he 101:042;26[' ]| hath better explored and searched the commodities of 101:042;27[' ]| those people and countries, with sufficient commodity 101:042;28[' ]| unto the adventurers, which$6#1$, in$4$ his first voyage the 101:042;29[' ]| year before, he had found out. 101:042;30[' ]| Upon$4$ which$6#1$ considerations the day and year before 101:042;31[' ]| expressed, he departed from Blackwall to$4$ Harwich, 101:042;32[' ]| where making an accomplishment of things necessary, 101:042;33[' ]| the last of May we hoisted up$5$ sails, and with a merry 101:042;34[' ]| wind the 7th of June we arrived at the islands called 101:042;35[' ]| Orchades, or vulgarly Orkney, being in$4$ number 101:042;36[' ]| thirty, subject and adjacent to$4$ Scotland, where we 101:042;37[' ]| made provision of fresh water, in$4$ the doing whereof 101:042;38[' ]| our general licensed the gentlemen and soldiers, for$4$ 101:042;39[' ]| their recreation, to$9$ go on$4$ shore. At our landing the 101:042;40[' ]| people fled from their poor cottages with shrieks and 101:043;01[' ]| alarms, to$9$ warn their neighbours of enemies, but by$4$ 101:043;02[' ]| gentle persuasions we reclaimed them to$4$ their houses. 101:043;03[' ]| It seemeth they are often frighted with pirates, or 101:043;04[' ]| some other enemies, that$6#1$ move them to$4$ such sudden 101:043;05[' ]| fear. Their houses are very simply builded with 101:043;06[' ]| pebble stone, without any chimneys, the fire being 101:043;07[' ]| made in$4$ the midst thereof. The good man, wife, 101:043;08[' ]| children, and other of their family, eat and sleep on$4$ 101:043;09[' ]| the one side of the house, and their cattle on$4$ the 101:043;10[' ]| other, very beastly and rudely in$4$ respect of civilisation. 101:043;11[' ]| They are destitute of wood, their fire is turf and cow 101:043;12[' ]| shardes. They have corn, bigge, and oats, with which$6#1$ 101:043;13[' ]| they pay their king's rent to$4$ the maintenance of his 101:043;14[' ]| house. They take great quantity of fish, which$6#1$ they dry 101:043;15[' ]| in$4$ the wind and sun; they dress their meat very filthily, 101:043;16[' ]| and eat it without salt. Their apparel is after the nudest 101:043;17[' ]| sort of Scotland. Their money is all base. Their 101:043;18[' ]| Church and religion is reformed according to$4$ the 101:043;19[' ]| Scots. The fishermen of England can better declare 101:043;20[' ]| the dispositions of those people than I, wherefore I 101:043;21[' ]| remit other their usages to$4$ their reports, as yearly 101:043;22[' ]| repairers thither in$4$ their courses to$4$ and from Iceland 101:043;23[' ]| for$4$ fish. 101:043;24[' ]| We departed here hence the 8th of June, and followed 101:043;25[' ]| our course between west and north-west until the 101:043;26[' ]| 4th of July, all which$6#1$ time we had no$2$ night, but that$3$ 101:043;27[' ]| easily, and without any impediment, we had, when 101:043;28[' ]| we were so$5#2$ disposed, the fruition of our books, and 101:043;29[' ]| other pleasures to$9$ pass away the time, a thing of no$2$ 101:043;30[' ]| small moment to$4$ such as wander in$4$ unknown seas 101:043;31[' ]| and long navigations, especially when both the winds 101:043;32[' ]| and raging surges do pass their common and wonted 101:043;33[' ]| course. This benefit endureth in$4$ those parts not six 101:043;34[' ]| weeks, whilst the sun is near the tropic of Cancer, but 101:043;35[' ]| where the pole is raised to$4$ 70 or 80 degrees it continueth 101:043;36[' ]| the longer. 101:043;37[' ]| All along these seas, after we were six days sailing 101:043;38[' ]| from Orkney, we met, floating in$4$ the sea, great fir 101:043;39[' ]| trees, which$6#1$, as we judged, were, with the fury of 101:043;40[' ]| great floods, rooted up$5$, and so$5#2$ driven into the sea. 101:044;01[' ]| Iceland hath almost no$2$ other wood nor fuel but such 101:044;02[' ]| as they take up$5$ upon$4$ their coasts. It seemeth that$3$ 101:044;03[' ]| these trees are driven from some part of the Newfoundland, 101:044;04[' ]| with the current that$6#1$ setteth from the west 101:044;05[' ]| to$4$ the east. 101:044;06[' ]| The 4th of July we came within the making of 101:044;07[' ]| Friesland. From this shore, ten or twelve leagues, 101:044;08[' ]| we met great islands of ice of half a mile, some more, 101:044;09[' ]| some less in$4$ compass, showing above the sea thirty or 101:044;10[' ]| forty fathoms, and as we supposed fast on$4$ ground, 101:044;11[' ]| where, with our lead, we could scarce sound the 101:044;12[' ]| bottom for$4$ depth. 101:044;13[' ]| Here, in$4$ place of odoriferous and fragrant smells of 101:044;14[' ]| sweet gums and pleasant notes of musical birds, which$6#1$ 101:044;15[' ]| other countries in$4$ more temperate zones do yield, we 101:044;16[' ]| tasted the most boisterous Boreal blasts, mixed with 101:044;17[' ]| snow and hail, in$4$ the months of June and July, nothing 101:044;18[' ]| inferior to$4$ our untemperate winter: a sudden alteration, 101:044;19[' ]| and especially in$4$ a place of parallel, where the pole is 101:044;20[' ]| not elevated above 61 degrees, at which$6#1$ height other 101:044;21[' ]| countries more to$4$ the north, yea unto 70 degrees, show 101:044;22[' ]| themselves more temperate than this doth. All along 101:044;23[' ]| this coast ice lieth as a continual bulwark, an so$5#1$ defendeth 101:044;24[' ]| the country, that$3$ those which$6#1$ would land there 101:044;25[' ]| incur great danger. Our general, three days together, 101:044;26[' ]| attempted with the ship boat to$9$ have gone on$4$ shore, 101:044;27[' ]| which$6#1$, for$3$ that$3$ without great danger he could not 101:044;28[' ]| accomplish, he deferred it until a more convenient 101:044;29[' ]| time. All along the coast lie very high mountains, 101:044;30[' ]| covered with snow, except in$4$ such places where, 101:044;31[' ]| through the steepness of the mountains, of force it 101:044;32[' ]| must needs fall. Four days coasting along this land 101:044;33[' ]| we found no$2$ sign of habitation. Little birds which$6#1$ 101:044;34[' ]| we judged to$9$ have lost the shore, by$4$ reason of thick 101:044;35[' ]| fogs which$6#1$ that$6#2$ country is much subject unto, came 101:044;36[' ]| flying to$4$ our ships, which$6#1$ causeth us to$9$ suppose that$3$ 101:044;37[' ]| the country is both more tolerable and also habitable 101:044;38[' ]| within than the outward shore maketh show or 101:044;39[' ]| signification. 101:044;40[' ]| From hence we departed the 8th of July, and the 101:045;01[' ]| 16th of the same we came with the making of land, 101:045;02[' ]| which$6#1$ land our general the year before had named the 101:045;03[' ]| Queen's*Foreland, being an island, as we judge, lying 101:045;04[' ]| near the supposed continent with America, and on$4$ the 101:045;05[' ]| other side, opposite to$4$ the same, one other island, called 101:045;06[' ]| Halles*Isle, after the name of the master of the ship, 101:045;07[' ]| near adjacent to$4$ the firm land, supposed continent 101:045;08[' ]| with Asia. Between the which$6#1$ two islands there is a 101:045;09[' ]| large entrance or strait, called Frobisher's*Strait, after 101:045;10[' ]| the name of our general, the first finder thereof. 101:045;11[' ]| This said strait is supposed to$9$ have passage into the 101:045;12[' ]| sea*of*Sur, which$6#1$ I leave unknown as yet. 101:045;13[' ]| It seemeth that$3$ either here, or not far hence, the sea 101:045;14[' ]| should have more large entrance than in$4$ other parts 101:045;15[' ]| within the frozen or untemperate zone, and that$3$ some 101:045;16[' ]| contrary tide, either from the east or west, with main 101:045;17[' ]| force casteth out that$6#2$ great quantity of ice which$6#1$ 101:045;18[' ]| cometh floating from this coast, even unto Friesland, 101:045;19[' ]| causing that$6#2$ country to$9$ seem more untemperate than 101:045;20[' ]| others much more northerly than the same. 101:045;21[' ]| I cannot judge that$3$ any temperature under the Pole, 101:045;22[' ]| being the time of the sun's northern declination, half a 101:045;23[' ]| year together, and one whole day (considering that$3$ the 101:045;24[' ]| sun's elevation surmounteth not twenty-three degrees 101:045;25[' ]| and thirty minutes), can have power to$9$ dissolve such 101:045;26[' ]| monstrous and huge ice, comparable to$4$ great mountains, 101:045;27[' ]| except by$4$ some other force, as by$4$ swift currents 101:045;28[' ]| and tides, with the help of the said day of half a 101:045;29[' ]| year. 101:045;30[' ]| Before we came within the making of these lands, we 101:045;31[' ]| tasted cold storms, insomuch that$3$ it seemed we had 101:045;32[' ]| changed with winter, if the length of the days had not 101:045;33[' ]| removed us from that$6#2$ opinion. 101:045;34[' ]| At our first coming, the straits seemed to$9$ be shut up$5$ 101:045;35[' ]| with a long mure of ice, which$6#1$ gave no$2$ little cause of 101:045;36[' ]| discomfort unto us all; but our general (to$4$ whose diligence, 101:045;37[' ]| imminent dangers and difficult attempts seemed 101:045;38[' ]| nothing in$4$ respect of his willing mind for$4$ the commodity 101:045;39[' ]| of his prince and country), with two little 101:045;40[' ]| pinnaces prepared of purpose, passed twice through 101:046;01[' ]| them to$4$ the east shore, and the islands thereunto adjacent; 101:046;02[' ]| and the ship, with the two barques, lay off 101:046;03[' ]| and on$4$ something farther into the sea from the danger 101:046;04[' ]| of the ice. 101:046;05[' ]| Whilst he was searching the country near the shore, 101:046;06[' ]| some of the people of the country showed themselves, 101:046;07[' ]| leaping and dancing, with strange shrieks and cries, 101:046;08[' ]| which$6#1$ gave no$2$ little admiration to$4$ our men. Our 101:046;09[' ]| general, desirous to$9$ allure them unto him by$4$ fair 101:046;10[' ]| means, caused knives and other things to$9$ be proffered 101:046;11[' ]| unto them, which$6#1$ they would not take at our hands; 101:046;12[' ]| but being laid on$4$ the ground, and the party going 101:046;13[' ]| away, they came and took up$5$, leaving something 101:046;14[' ]| of theirs to$9$ countervail the same. At the length, two 101:046;15[' ]| of them, leaving their weapons, came down to$4$ our 101:046;16[' ]| general and master, who$6#1$ did the like$0$ to$4$ them, commanding 101:046;17[' ]| the company to$9$ stay, and went unto them, who$6#1$, 101:046;18[' ]| after certain dumb signs and mute congratulations, 101:046;19[' ]| began to$9$ lay hands upon$4$ them, but they deliverly 101:046;20[' ]| escaped, and ran to$4$ their bows and arrows and came 101:046;21[' ]| fiercely upon$4$ them, not respecting the rest of our 101:046;22[' ]| company, which$6#1$ were ready for$4$ their defence, but with 101:046;23[' ]| their arrows hurt divers of them. We took the one, 101:046;24[' ]| and the other escaped. 101:046;25[' ]| Whilst our general was busied in$4$ searching the 101:046;26[' ]| country, and those islands adjacent on$4$ the east shore, 101:046;27[' ]| the ships and barques, having great care not to$9$ put far 101:046;28[' ]| into the sea from him, for$3$ that$3$ he had small store of 101:046;29[' ]| victuals, were forced to$9$ abide in$4$ a cruel tempest, 101:046;30[' ]| chancing in$4$ the night amongst and in$4$ the thickest of 101:046;31[' ]| the ice, which$6#1$ was so$5#1$ monstrous that$3$ even the least of 101:046;32[' ]| a thousand had been of force sufficient to$9$ have shivered 101:046;33[' ]| our ship and barques into small portions, if God (who$6#1$ 101:046;34[' ]| in$4$ all necessities hath care upon$4$ the infirmity of man) 101:046;35[' ]| had not provided for$4$ this our extremity a sufficent 101:046;36[' ]| remedy, through the light of the night, whereby we 101:046;37[' ]| might well discern to$9$ flee from such imminent dangers, 101:046;38[' ]| which$6#1$ we avoided with fourteen bourdes in$4$ one watch, 101:046;39[' ]| the space of four hours. If we had not incurred this 101:046;40[' ]| danger amongst these monstrous islands of ice, we 101:047;01[' ]| should have lost our general and master, and the most 101:047;02[' ]| of our best sailors, which$6#1$ were on$4$ the shore destitute of 101:047;03[' ]| victuals; but by$4$ the valour of our master*gunner, and 101:047;04[' ]| Master*Jackman and Andrew*Dier, the master's*mates, 101:047;05[' ]| men expert both in$4$ navigation and other good qualities, 101:047;06[' ]| we were all content to$9$ incur the dangers afore rehearsed, 101:047;07[' ]| before we would, with our own safety, run into the 101:047;08[' ]| seas, to$4$ the destruction of our said general and his 101:047;09[' ]| company. 101:047;10[' ]| The day following, being the 19th of July, our 101:047;11[' ]| captain returned to$4$ the ship with good news of great 101:047;12[' ]| riches, which$6#1$ showed itself in$4$ the bowels of those barren 101:047;13[' ]| mountains, wherewith we were all satisfied. A sudden 101:047;14[' ]| mutation. The one part of us being almost swallowed 101:047;15[' ]| up$5$ the night before, with cruel Neptune's force, and 101:047;16[' ]| the rest on$4$ shore, taking thought for$4$ their greedy 101:047;17[' ]| paunches how to$9$ find the way to$4$ Newfoundland; at 101:047;18[' ]| one moment we were racked with joy, forgetting both 101:047;19[' ]| where we were and what we had suffered. Behold 101:047;20[' ]| the glory of man: to-night contemning riches, and 101:047;21[' ]| rather looking for$4$ death than otherwise, and to-morrow 101:047;22[' ]| devising how to$9$ satisfy his greedy appetite 101:047;23[' ]| with gold. 101:047;24[' ]| Within four days after we had been at the entrance 101:047;25[' ]| of the straits, the north-west and west winds dispersed 101:047;26[' ]| the ice into the sea, and made us a large 101:047;27[' ]| entrance into the Straits, that$3$ without impediment, on$4$ 101:047;28[' ]| the 19th July, we entered them; and the 20th thereof 101:047;29[' ]| our general and master, with great diligence, sought 101:047;30[' ]| out and sounded the west shore, and found out a fair 101:047;31[' ]| harbour for$4$ the ship and barques to$9$ ride in$5$, and named 101:047;32[' ]| it after our master's*mate, Jackman's*Sound, and 101:047;33[' ]| brought the ship, barques, and all their company to$4$ 101:047;34[' ]| safe anchor, except one man which$6#1$ died by$4$ God's 101:047;35[' ]| visitation. 101:047;36[' ]| At our first arrival, after the ship rode at anchor, 101:047;37[' ]| our general, with such company as could well be 101:047;38[' ]| spared from the ships, in$4$ marching order entered the 101:047;39[' ]| land, having special care by$4$ exhortations that$3$ at our 101:047;40[' ]| entrance thereinto we should all with one voice, 101:048;01[' ]| kneeling upon$4$ our knees, chiefly thank God for$4$ our 101:048;02[' ]| safe arrival; secondly, beseech Him that$3$ it would please 101:048;03[' ]| His*Divine*Majesty long to$9$ continue our Queen, for$4$ 101:048;04[' ]| whom he, and all the rest of our company, in$4$ this 101:048;05[' ]| order took possession of the country; and thirdly, that$3$ 101:048;06[' ]| by$4$ our Christian study and endeavour, those barbarous 101:048;07[' ]| people, trained up$5$ in$4$ paganry and infidelity, might be 101:048;08[' ]| reduced to$4$ the knowledge of true religion, and to$4$ the 101:048;09[' ]| hope of salvation in$4$ Christ our Redeemer, with other 101:048;10[' ]| words very apt to$9$ signify his willing mind and affection 101:048;11[' ]| towards his prince and country, whereby all suspicion 101:048;12[' ]| of an undutiful subject may credibly be judged to$9$ be 101:048;13[' ]| utterly exempted from his mind. All the rest of the 101:048;14[' ]| gentlemen, and others, deserve worthily herein their 101:048;15[' ]| due praise and commendation.